수백명의 억만장자 들의 6000억 달러 기부 약속

Headline: Hundreds of billionaires pledged to give away $600 billion to charity—but the Bill Gates and Warren Buffett era of philanthropy may be over

• English: Hundreds of billionaires pledged to give away $600 billion to charity—but the Bill Gates and Warren Buffett era of philanthropy may be over.
• Korean: 수백 명의 억만장자들이 6천억 달러를 자선단체에 기부하기로 약속했지만, 빌 게이츠와 워렌 버핏 시대의 자선 활동은 끝났을지도 모릅니다.
• Vocabulary:
  • pledged: (pledge의 과거형) 약속했다. (A solemn promise or undertaking.)
  • philanthropy: 박애주의, 자선 활동. (The desire to promote the welfare of others, expressed especially by the generous donation of money to good causes.)

First Paragraph: A new tax proposal aimed at crippling liberal philanthropic foundations may bulldoze a billionaire giving norm—but women like MacKenzie Scott and Melinda French Gates are expected to step up instead. (The India Today Group / Getty Images) The era of billionaire baby boomer men leading philanthropy is over—wealthy women are taking the reins, as the likes of Bill Gates and Warren Buffett close an epoch of giving. Thanks to newly proposed tax policies, trust-based “stealth giving” and female mega-donors like MacKenzie Scott are the future of philanthropy.

• English: A new tax proposal aimed at crippling liberal philanthropic foundations may bulldoze a billionaire giving norm—but women like MacKenzie Scott and Melinda French Gates are expected to step up instead. The era of billionaire baby boomer men leading philanthropy is over—wealthy women are taking the reins, as the likes of Bill Gates and Warren Buffett close an epoch of giving. Thanks to newly proposed tax policies, trust-based “stealth giving” and female mega-donors like MacKenzie Scott are the future of philanthropy.
• Korean: 자유주의 성향의 자선 재단을 약화시키는 것을 목표로 하는 새로운 세금 제안이 억만장자들의 기부 관행을 무너뜨릴 수도 있지만, 매켄지 스콧과 멀린다 프렌치 게이츠와 같은 여성들이 대신 나설 것으로 예상됩니다. 억만장자 베이비붐 세대 남성들이 주도하던 자선 활동 시대는 끝났고, 빌 게이츠와 워렌 버핏과 같은 이들이 기부의 한 시대를 마감하면서 부유한 여성들이 주도권을 잡고 있습니다. 새롭게 제안된 세금 정책, 신뢰 기반의 "은밀한 기부", 그리고 매켄지 스콧과 같은 여성 거액 기부자들 덕분에 자선 활동의 미래는 달라질 것입니다.
• Vocabulary:
  • crippling: (여기서는) 약화시키는. (Causing serious damage or impairment.)
  • philanthropic foundations: 자선 재단. (Organizations established to make grants to other charitable organizations or to conduct their own charitable activities.)
  • bulldoze: 밀어붙이다, 파괴하다. (To clear or level (something) with or as if with a bulldozer.)
  • giving norm: 기부 관행. (A standard or typical way of donating.)
  • step up: (여기서는) 대신 나서다, 역할을 맡다. (To take action when there is a need or opportunity.)
  • baby boomer: 베이비붐 세대 (2차 세계대전 이후 출생한 세대).
  • taking the reins: 주도권을 잡다. (To assume control or leadership.)
  • epoch: 시대. (A period of time in history or a person's life, typically one marked by notable events or particular characteristics.)
  • mega-donors: 거액 기부자. (People who donate very large sums of money.)

Second Paragraph: Bill Gates and Warren Buffett ushered in a new Gilded Era of philanthropic giving, likened in influence to the Rockefellers and Carnegies. But charity work is about to look a whole lot different as higher taxes are threatened on liberal institutions, and new methods of giving are popularized by women mega-donors.

• English: Bill Gates and Warren Buffett ushered in a new Gilded Era of philanthropic giving, likened in influence to the Rockefellers and Carnegies. But charity work is about to look a whole lot different as higher taxes are threatened on liberal institutions, and new methods of giving are popularized by women mega-donors.
• Korean: 빌 게이츠와 워렌 버핏은 록펠러와 카네기와 비견될 정도로 영향력 있는 새로운 '금박 시대'의 자선 기부를 열었습니다. 그러나 자유주의 기관에 대한 세금 인상 위협과 여성 거액 기부자들이 새로운 기부 방식을 대중화하면서 자선 활동은 완전히 다른 모습으로 바뀌게 될 것입니다.
• Vocabulary:
  • ushered in: ~을 열었다, ~을 시작했다. (To show or guide (someone) somewhere.) (Here, it means to mark the beginning of something.)
  • Gilded Era: 금박 시대 (겉으로는 번영했지만 내적으로는 부패와 불평등이 심했던 19세기 후반 미국의 시대). (A period of U.S. history roughly spanning the late 19th century, characterized by rapid economic growth but also significant social problems masked by the wealth of the upper class.)
  • likened: 비유된. (Compared; shown to be similar.)
  • threatened: 위협받는. (Exposed to a danger or risk.)
  • popularized: 대중화된. (Made popular or widely known.)

Third Paragraph: Earlier this month, Gates announced that he would be sunsetting his foundation, giving away $200 billion by 2045 and expediting his plans to shed his $100 billion personal fortune.

• English: Earlier this month, Gates announced that he would be sunsetting his foundation, giving away $200 billion by 2045 and expediting his plans to shed his $100 billion personal fortune.
• Korean: 이달 초, 게이츠는 2045년까지 2천억 달러를 기부하고 1천억 달러의 개인 재산을 처분하려는 계획을 가속화하면서 자신의 재단을 종료할 것이라고 발표했습니다.
• Vocabulary:
  • sunsetting: (여기서는) 단계적으로 종료하는. (Gradually ending or phasing out.)
  • expediting: 가속화하는. (Speeding up the process of.)
  • shed: (여기서는) 처분하다, 덜어내다. (To get rid of something that is no longer wanted.)
  • fortune: 재산, 부. (A large amount of money or assets.)

Fourth Paragraph: “There’s an air of anticipation in terms of if and how people are going to follow in his footsteps,” Amir Pasic, dean of the Lilly Family School of Philanthropy at Indiana University, tells Fortune.

• English: “There’s an air of anticipation in terms of if and how people are going to follow in his footsteps,” Amir Pasic, dean of the Lilly Family School of Philanthropy at Indiana University, tells Fortune.
• Korean: 인디애나 대학교 릴리 가족 자선학부 학장인 아미르 파식은 포춘지에 "사람들이 그의 발자취를 어떻게 따를지에 대한 기대감이 있습니다."라고 말합니다.
• Vocabulary:
  • air of anticipation: 기대감. (A feeling of excitement about something that is going to happen.)
  • in terms of: ~에 관하여. (With regard to; concerning.)
  • follow in his footsteps: 그의 발자취를 따르다. (To do the same things that someone else has done, especially someone successful.)

Fifth Paragraph: And with prolific philanthropist Warren Buffett recently announcing his planned departure from the helm of Berkshire Hathaway at the age of 94, even more change is expected. His Giving Pledge, with 240 billionaires reportedly pledging a pool of $600 billion, opened the hearts and pockets of the ulra-rich. The question arises if billionaires will pick up the torch and stay true to their promises when Buffett also inevitably parts from the pledge’s limelight.

• English: And with prolific philanthropist Warren Buffett recently announcing his planned departure from the helm of Berkshire Hathaway at the age of 94, even more change is expected. His Giving Pledge, with 240 billionaires reportedly pledging a pool of $600 billion, opened the hearts and pockets of the ultra-rich. The question arises if billionaires will pick up the torch and stay true to their promises when Buffett also inevitably parts from the pledge’s limelight.
• Korean: 그리고 다작의 자선가인 워렌 버핏이 최근 94세의 나이로 버크셔 해서웨이의 경영 일선에서 물러날 계획을 발표하면서, 더 많은 변화가 예상됩니다. 240명의 억만장자들이 6천억 달러의 기금을 약속한 것으로 알려진 그의 '기부 서약'은 초부유층의 마음과 지갑을 열었습니다. 버핏이 또한 불가피하게 서약의 주목을 받지 않게 될 때, 억만장자들이 그 뜻을 이어받아 약속을 지킬 것인지에 대한 의문이 제기됩니다.
• Vocabulary:
  • prolific: 다작의, 풍부한. (Producing much fruit or foliage or many offspring.) (Here, meaning someone who gives a lot.)
  • helm: (배의) 키, (조직의) 지휘. (The steering mechanism of a ship; the place or post of control.)
  • Giving Pledge: 기부 서약 (워렌 버핏과 빌 게이츠가 시작한, 재산의 절반 이상을 기부하겠다는 약속). (A commitment by wealthy individuals and families to give away the majority of their wealth to philanthropy or charitable causes.)
  • reportedly: 보도에 따르면. (According to what has been reported.)
  • pool: (여기서는) 기금. (A collection of resources, such as money, that are shared by a group.)
  • ultra-rich: 초부유층. (Extremely wealthy people.)
  • pick up the torch: (여기서는) 뜻을 이어받다. (To take over a task or responsibility that someone else has been doing.)
  • stay true to: ~에 충실하다. (To remain loyal to.)
  • inevitably: 불가피하게. (As is certain to happen; unavoidably.)
  • parts from: ~와 헤어지다, ~에서 멀어지다. (To leave or separate from.)
  • limelight: (대중의) 주목. (The focus of public attention.)

Sixth Paragraph: Experts agree that a shift is on the horizon—but that doesn’t mean a screeching halt to philanthropy altogether. In fact, it could open the door for a more diverse group of donors to take the lead.

• English: Experts agree that a shift is on the horizon—but that doesn’t mean a screeching halt to philanthropy altogether. In fact, it could open the door for a more diverse group of donors to take the lead.
• Korean: 전문가들은 변화가 임박했다는 데 동의하지만, 그렇다고 해서 자선 활동이 완전히 멈추는 것을 의미하지는 않습니다. 사실, 이는 더 다양한 기부자들이 주도권을 잡을 수 있는 문을 열어줄 수도 있습니다.
• Vocabulary:
  • shift: 변화. (A change in position, direction, or tendency.)
  • on the horizon: 임박한. (About to happen.)
  • screeching halt: 급정거, 갑작스러운 중단. (A sudden and abrupt stop.)
  • altogether: 완전히. (Completely; totally.)
  • diverse: 다양한. (Showing a great deal of variety; very different.)

Seventh Paragraph: “We’re likely to see more women come out of the shadows,” Pasic predicts.

• English: “We’re likely to see more women come out of the shadows,” Pasic predicts.
• Korean: 파식은 "우리는 더 많은 여성들이 그림자에서 벗어나는 것을 보게 될 것입니다."라고 예측합니다.
• Vocabulary:
  • come out of the shadows: (여기서는) 드러나다, 전면에 나서다. (To become more visible or prominent.)

Eighth Paragraph: How philanthropy will look in a new era

• English: How philanthropy will look in a new era
• Korean: 새로운 시대의 자선 활동은 어떤 모습일까

Ninth Paragraph: Many billionaires have started foundations as a way to channel their philanthropic efforts, but a recent decision from the U.S. House of Representatives may upend that practice. Just this week, a budget reconciliation package was approved, which stipulated a tax of 10% on foundations with more than $5 billion in assets.

• English: Many billionaires have started foundations as a way to channel their philanthropic efforts, but a recent decision from the U.S. House of Representatives may upend that practice. Just this week, a budget reconciliation package was approved, which stipulated a tax of 10% on foundations with more than $5 billion in assets.
• Korean: 많은 억만장자들이 자선 활동을 위한 방법으로 재단을 설립했지만, 최근 미국 하원의 결정이 그러한 관행을 뒤집을 수도 있습니다. 바로 이번 주에 50억 달러 이상의 자산을 가진 재단에 10%의 세금을 부과하는 내용을 명시한 예산 조정안이 통과되었습니다.
• Vocabulary:
  • channel: (여기서는) ~을 направлять, ~을 направити. (To direct towards a particular end or aim.)
  • upend: 뒤집다, 혼란시키다. (To set or turn on its end or upside down.) (Here, meaning to disrupt or overturn.)
  • budget reconciliation package: 예산 조정안. (A legislative process used in the United States Congress to expedite the passage of certain budgetary legislation in the Senate.)
  • stipulated: 명시된. (Specified or required as part of an agreement.)
  • assets: 자산. (A useful or valuable thing or quality.)

Tenth Paragraph: “The reason this is insidious is that it’s going to really hit the big liberal foundations like Gates, Ford, and Soros,” Kathleen McCarthy, director for the center on philanthropy at CUNY, tells Fortune. “Whereas the conservative foundations are much smaller and they will pay a much lower rate.”

• English: “The reason this is insidious is that it’s going to really hit the big liberal foundations like Gates, Ford, and Soros,” Kathleen McCarthy, director for the center on philanthropy at CUNY, tells Fortune. “Whereas the conservative foundations are much smaller and they will pay a much lower rate.”
• Korean: CUNY 자선 센터 소장인 캐슬린 매카시는 포춘지에 "이것이 교활한 이유는 게이츠, 포드, 소로스와 같은 대규모 자유주의 재단에 큰 타격을 줄 것이기 때문입니다. 반면에 보수적인 재단은 훨씬 작고 훨씬 낮은 세율을 적용받을 것입니다."라고 말합니다.
• Vocabulary:
  • insidious: 교활한, 음흉한. (Proceeding in a gradual, subtle way, but with harmful effects.)
  • liberal foundations: 자유주의 성향의 재단. (Foundations that generally support progressive or liberal causes.)
  • conservative foundations: 보수주의 성향의 재단. (Foundations that generally support conservative causes.)
  • rate: 비율, 세율. (A measure, quantity, or frequency, typically one measured against some other quantity or measure.)

Eleventh Paragraph: Thousands of liberal foundations led by billionaires including Gates, Scott, George Soros, and Mark Zuckerberg could be hit hard by these tax hikes. This could entirely change how billionaires approach philanthropy.

• English: Thousands of liberal foundations led by billionaires including Gates, Scott, George Soros, and Mark Zuckerberg could be hit hard by these tax hikes. This could entirely change how billionaires approach philanthropy.
• Korean: 게이츠, 스콧, 조지 소로스, 마크 저커버그를 포함한 억만장자들이 이끄는 수천 개의 자유주의 재단들이 이러한 세금 인상으로 큰 타격을 입을 수 있습니다. 이는 억만장자들이 자선 활동에 접근하는 방식을 완전히 바꿀 수 있습니다.
• Vocabulary:
  • tax hikes: 세금 인상. (An increase in taxes.)
  • approach: (여기서는) 접근 방식. (A way of dealing with something.)

Twelfth Paragraph: “[Billionaires] will start looking at alternative mechanisms once they realize that they’re going to be forced to sunset foundations,” McCarthy says. “That’s what’s being jeopardized right now.”

• English: “[Billionaires] will start looking at alternative mechanisms once they realize that they’re going to be forced to sunset foundations,” McCarthy says. “That’s what’s being jeopardized right now.”
• Korean: 매카시는 "[억만장자들은] 재단을 단계적으로 종료해야 한다는 것을 깨닫게 되면 대안적인 방법을 찾기 시작할 것입니다. 바로 그것이 지금 위태로워진 것입니다."라고 말합니다.
• Vocabulary:
  • alternative mechanisms: 대안적인 방법. (Different ways of achieving something.)
  • jeopardized: 위태로워진. (Put in a situation in which there is a risk of loss, harm, or failure.)

Thirteenth Paragraph: But some ultra-wealthy donors are already rewriting the rules; MacKenzie Scott’s “stealth giving” practice entails anonymously giving money directly to non-profits, trusting them